<p>The Agawam Center Historic District is a historic district that encompasses part of the historic center of Agawam, Massachusetts. The district covers most of the buildings along Elm Street and Main Street radiating out from their intersection in both directions. The district is predominantly residential in character, although it does contain a number of commercial, industrial, and civic buildings. Many of the buildings in the district stand at a uniform setback from the street, giving the district a coherent feel.</p><br>
<p>Agawam&#39;s center began to take shape in the early years of the 18th century. By 1750 the town center lay on one of the main roads connecting Northampton to Hartford, Connecticut, and the area became a significant rest stop along the way. It received significant development in the 1790s when the road was more formally laid out, private homes began to join the taverns, and what is now Elm Street connected the village to points east and west. By 1831 the center also had churches, a school, and a cemetery. The oldest building in the district is a tavern dating to 1750, and there are about a dozen houses that date to the 1790s.</p><br>
<p>As the 19th century progressed the village continued to grow, yet retained some rural character, with only low levels of industrialization. The arrival of streetcars connecting the village to the city of Springfield saw the transformation of the village into one with a more suburban feel. Agawam was not formally incorporated until 1855, and it is during this time that the village assumed its role as the civic center of the town.</p><br>
<p>The district features a variety of architectural styles, from Georgian and Federal buildings of the early period to mid-20th century ranch housing. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.</p><br>
<p>Ames Hill/Crescent Hill District is an historic district in Springfield, Massachusetts, bounded by sections of Central, Maple, Mill, and Pine Streets, Crescent Hill, Ames Hill Drive, and Maple Court. This section of Springfield was the citys first "Gold Coast," built primarily during the early Industrial Revolution, from approximately 1812-1850. The Ames Hill/Crescent Hill Historic District includes Mulberry Street, the upper-class street made famous by Dr. Seusss first childrens book, And to Think That I Saw It on Mulberry Street,  Dr. Seusss grandparents lived on Mulberry Street. This National Historic District overlaps somewhat with both the Ridgewood and Maple Hill Historic Districts designated by the City of Springfield.</p><br>
<p>Ames Hill was named for the Ames Family of Springfield. David Ames, Jr., a Springfield paper manufacturer, was the son of Colonel David Ames, the first superintendent of the Springfield Armory. The David Ames Jr. House, at 241 Maple Street, on Ames Hill in Springfield, was built in 1826-7 and was the work of Chauncey Shepard, a prominent local architect and builder. In 1867, Solomon J. Gordon, a New York City lawyer, purchased the property and Shepard was hired to remodel the house he had built forty-one years earlier. Gordon lived in the house until his death in 1891. Today the house is known as Young House and is part of the campus of the MacDuffie School.</p><br>
<p>Crescent Hill continues along the steep trajectory of Maple Street, which snakes up along a bluff overlooking the scenic Connecticut River and Connecticut River Valley. Crescent Hill also features many of Springfield&#39;s largest mansions, most of which date from the mid-19th century. Unfortunately, the Ames Hill/Crescent Hill Historic District was devastated during the June 1, 2011 Greater Springfield tornado.</p><br>
<p>Apremont Triangle Historic District is a historic district in Springfield, Massachusetts, located at the junction of Pearl, Hillman, Bridge, and Chestnut Streets in its Metro Center district. The Apremont Triangle Historic District includes the Apremont Triangle Park, nicknamed "the Heart of Springfield" by the citys arts community; the historic, 10-story Kimball Towers Condominiums,  a nine-story historic, former YMCA, which now houses apartments at 122 Chestnut Street, ; the six-story Neo-Gothic Tarbell-Waters Building , a former office building that was auctioned in August 2011; the two-story Harris-Green building, a 1920s Rolls Royce showroom, which is, actually, two buildings; and the two-story Birnie Building, a 1930s Pontiac showroom. Currently, the district is the center of Springfields bohemian arts community, featuring multi-media organizations, artists lofts, ethnic restaurants, and organizations like The Apremont Arts Community - group of multi-media artists, non-profit organizations, and businesses.</p><br>
<p>Located in a walkable area, the Apremont Triangle Historic District is less than half a mile from Springfield&#39;s Club Quarter, its Downtown Business District, Union Station, the Quadrangle, the MassMutual Center, Symphony Hall, the Springfield Armory, and numerous other sites.</p><br>
<h2>2011 sales of 122 Chestnut and the Tarbell-Waters Building</h2><br>
<p>As of June 2011, the Renaissance Revival 122 Chestnut - the former YMCA building that was, during the 1980s, adaptively re-used to become 99 rental apartments - and the Neo-Gothic Tarbell-Waters Buildings are both for sale. These are two of the five properties that constitute the Apremont Triangle Historic District. The buyer of these properties could substantially change the character of the Apremont Triangle Historic District, which in recent years has flourished as an increasingly bohemian arts district. The asking price for 122 Chestnut is 6.5 million, including an attached 144 car parking lot. Residents of the Apremont Triangle Historic District look at dual building sales with both caution and optimism, because in recent years, the neighborhood has had great success in attracting artistic and bohemian residents to the Kimball Towers, 122 Chestnut, the Birnie Building, and the McIntosh - an adaptively re-purposed shoe factory on Worthington Street. However, precisely because the neighborhood has been on an upward trajectory for years; the sale of two of the district&#39;s most important buildings are temporarily, in 2011, depressing market values at the Kimball and McIntosh, reflected in 1 bedroom units selling in the $30,000s-$80,000s.</p><br>
<h2>Apremont Triangle Park</h2><br>
<p>The Apremont Triangle Park was named after Springfields 104th Infantry - the first USA military regiment ever honored by a foreign power for bravery in war. Following the 104th Infantrys valor at Apremont during World War I, it received the croix de guerre from the Nation of France. The Apremont Triangle Park is named in honor of the USA 104th Infantry Regiments heroism at Apremont. In the park, there is monument to the 104th Infantry, Springfields own, noting its heroism at Apremont. Amazingly, again in World War II, the 104th Infantry Regiment again received the prestigious Croix de Guerre for its valor at war. In World War II, the 104th Infantry fought under General George Patton and in the Battle of the Bulge.</p><br>
<h2>Kimball Towers Condominiums</h2><br>
<p>The Hotel Kimball was once "Western Massachusetts finest hotel." Built in 1910, and opened on St. Patricks Day, 1911, the New York Times reviewed the Hotel Kimball as "ranking with the finest in the country. A magnificent hotel, modern and metropolitan in every appointment." In 1920 it hosted the United States first-ever commercial radio station - WBZ, Springfield. USA Presidents Franklin D. Roosevelt, Dwight D. Eisenhower, and John F. Kennedy all stayed at The Kimball - some before and some after the 1940s transition into the Sheraton-Kimball Hotel, operated by Sheraton Hotels and Resorts. The Kimball was the first "grand hotel" purchased by Sheraton, a company that was, at the time, headquartered in Springfield.</p><br>
<p>Today, the Hotel Kimball is the Kimball Towers Condominiums. During the 1980s, when the buildings condo developer was converting over 300 hotel rooms to approximately 120 condominiums, he filed for bankruptcy. Many of the Kimballs units, (especially those on the lower floors,) were left in disrepair or completely bare.</p><br>
<p>From the 1990s until the 2000s, the building was managed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation because - due to it historic designation - it could not be torn down. In the 2000s, urban living in Metro Center Springfield became popular, especially among bohemians, artists, empty-nesters, and LGBT residents - people attracted to urban living without the high price. The Kimball Towers, due to its low-prices (from its formerly troubled history as a condominium development) and essentially blank canvas left by the initial condominium developer, became a center for Springfields arts community. As of 2011, it is one of Springfields most prominent buildings for artists, bohemians, and others in the creative class.</p><br>
<p>The Belle and Franklin Streets Historic District is a residential historic district encompassing the surviving portions of 1914-16 apartment house development on the northwest side of downtown Springfield, Massachusetts. The properties are at 77—103 Belle St. and 240—298 Franklin Street, and were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Belle and Franklin Street area was developed by local builder William Lay between 1914 and 1916. It includes a series of almost entirely residential buildings along Belle and Franklin Streets, two streets that parallel each other near Interstate 291, north of Springfields downtown. Lay built 16 apartment houses, half of which were four story brick construction, with the others being three story wood frame structures. The district also includes a mixed residential/commercial building Lay built, and an early (1862) frame house. The development is remarkably intact despite the construction of I-291 nearby: only one of Lays buildings, another mixed use building, has been demolished.</p><br>
<p>The area now covered by this district was first developed as a series of modest estates and stylish homes in the 1850s. These properties were subdivided and built more densely in the late 19th century, when streetcar lines made the area convenient for workers employed downtown. The property developed by Lay was originally an estate owned by Samuel Brooks, a doctor, and then George Fisk, president of the Wason Manufacturing Company. Fisk sold his property in 1913 to John Lester, who had sold properties in the area to William Lay, an English-born real estate developer and builder. Lay first proposed subdivision of the area in February 1913, and received building permits in December for the first building, one of the six-unit wood-frame buildings on Franklin Street. The brick eight-unit buildings on Belle Street were built in 1915. The building at 296 Franklin Street, also built during this time, has twelve units, and includes retail spaces on the ground floor.</p><br>
<p>Mount Garmo  is a mountain of the Pamirs in Tajikistan, Central Asia, with a height reported to be between 6,595 metres and 6,602 metres.</p><br>
<p>There is a glacier on Mount Garmo, and the great Fedchenko Glacier (the longest glacier in the world outside the polar regions) flows to the east of it. The nearest settlement is at Poimazor, some fifteen kilometres to the south (38° 39 10 N, 71° 58 2 E), which is at an altitude of 2785 metres.</p><br>
<p>There has been some uncertainty about the location of Garmo and also about the true height of the peak which now bears that name. While the present consensus is around 6,595 metres, as recently as 1973 the American Alpine Journal gave the height as 21,703 feet (6,615 m).</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Formerly in the Soviet Union, Garmo forms part of the Academy of Sciences Range (Хребет Академии Наук; Qatorkuhi Akademiyai Fanho) where it connects with the Darvoz Range.</p><br>
<p>A Russian expedition to the region in 1928 made the first ascent of Lenin Peak and also measured the height of what is now officially called Ismoil Somoni Peak, which may have been mistakenly identified with Garmo although it lies some sixteen kilometres to the north of the present Garmo.</p><br>
<p>In July 1962, two British climbers, Wilfrid Noyce and the young Scottish climber Robin Smith, died in a 4,000 ft fall after an ascent of the peak, while preparing for a Soviet-British assault on Ismoil Somoni, which was then known as Pik Kommunizma (Peak Communism).</p><br>
<p>There were quarrels between the Russians and the British, and after the deaths of Noyce and Smith, Sir John Hunt, the expedition co-leader, returned to Britain. In 1964, the British press referred to Garmo as "21,800-foot Mount Garmo".</p><br>
<h2>Name confusion</h2><br>
<p>Since the 1920s and 1930s, the mountain has been confused with the higher peak now called Ismoil Somoni, which for some years was called Pik Stalin and is better known as Pik Kommunizma. A BBC quiz which was online in 2008 asks the question "By what name was Mount Garmo in Tajikistan known when it was the highest point in the Soviet Union?" and gives the answer "Mount Communism".</p><br>
<p>In The Ascent of Mount Stalin (1937), Michael Romm and Alec Brown state that "Darwas is renamed Pik Garmo, and Garmo is renamed Pik Stalin, the reasons given being far from convincing". And a paper published by The Permanent Committee on Geographical Names for British Official Use called Tajikistan, the Lofty Fastness of the Pamirs (November 2001) claims:</p><br>
<p>In 2008, a number of sources continued to identify Garmo with the highest mountain in the Pamirs, or else to give it a height above 7,000 metres.</p><br>
<h2>Popular culture</h2><br>
<p>Mount Garmo was one of six mountains in the game Alpiner, made for the Texas Instruments TI-99/4A personal computer.</p><br>
<h2>Bibliography</h2><br>
<p>Slesser, Malcolm Red Peak: A Personal Account of the British Soviet Expedition 1962 (London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1964)</p><br>
<p>Sicouri, Paola, Kopylov, Vladimir, & Pierce, Richard A., Forbidden Mountains: The Most Beautiful Mountains in Russia and Central Asia (Milan: Indutech, 1994; US: Menasha Ridge Press Inc., 1997). )</p><br>
<p>Cruickshank, Jimmy, High Endeavours: The Life and Legend of Robin Smith (Edinburgh: Canongate, 2005).</p><br>
<p>The Brimfield Center Historic District is a historic district encompassing the historic center of Brimfield, Massachusetts. The district is centered on the town common, and includes properties radiating out from that center on Main Street, Brookfled, Wales, Sturbridge and Warren Roads. Brimfield Center was first laid out in 1721 along a Native American trail that ran through the area, and developed over the years into what is now US Route 20, or Main Street. The district includes properties ranging from early colonial houses to the town hall, built in 1878. The center has retained some coherence because the Brimfield Fair, a major antiques market that takes place three times a year, takes up significant open space in the areas near the center. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The town of Brimfield is located in central Massachusetts, just west of Sturbridge and roughly midway between Worcester and Springfield. The town was permanently settled by European colonists in 1721, and its civic center was laid out along a former Native American trail that ran east-west through the town. This route, now Main Street, and in this area aligned with United States Route 20, grew to become part of the principal post road running west from Boston to Springfield and beyond. Two roads leading northward, Warren and Brookfield Roads, lead to the towns for which they are named, and Wales Road leads south to Connecticut. This road network was established early in the colonial period, and the town common was laid out in 1721 at the junction of Main and Warren Streets.</p><br>
<p>The town center is architecturally dominated by Georgian and Federal period housing, with commercial and civic buildings mostly later in construction, as needs for such facilities changed over time, and fire claiming some structures. The town was bypassed by the railroads, and most of its industries were located away from the center. In the 20th century, the advent of regular antiques fairs has served to keep the town center separated from other, more modern development.</p><br>
<p>The oldest surviving elements of the town center are the common and the cemetery, both laid out in 1721. The oldest house is believed to be the c. 1738 ell attached to the Converse House at 7 Brookfield Road, and there are only a few other Georgian period houses. The town&#39;s Federal period architecture benefits from the residency of noted architect Elias Carter, who designed a number of homes, notable among them the c. 1823 Hitchcock House at 15 Wales Road; it has a porch with colossal Doric columns. Carter is also believed to have designed the Converse House to which the c. 1738 ell is attached. The First Congregational Church, on the common, is a fine example of Greek Revival architecture, built in 1848. The Hitchcock Free Academy (1855, pictured above), is also a Carter design, showing early Italianate influence. Town Hall, built in 1878, is a fine example of Stick style, designed by Springfield architect Eugene Clarence Gardner.</p><br>
<p>The Cabotville Common Historic District is a predominantly residential historic district in Chicopee, Massachusetts. It is centered on the park now called Lucy Wisnioswki Park, which was previously known as "The Common", and includes all of the buildings that face the park, as well as a few on immediately adjacent city streets. It was developed in the 1830s and 1840s as an area where mid-level employees of Chicopee&#39;s mills and factories lived, between the simpler tenements and boarding houses of the lower classes, and the elite mansions of the proprietors and top-level managers. Most of the building stock in the district was built between 1846 and 1870, and were single family brick or wood-frame Greek Revival houses. The Common, whose original purpose was to provide shared pasturage for area residents, was by the end of this period converted to a park. From the 1870s to the 1890s the housing stock was predominantly multi-family in scale, and exhibited the architectural fashions of the time: Italianate, Second Empire, and Victorian. Thereafter development was limited due to a lack of available land, and only a few brick apartment houses were built between 1890 and 1915.</p><br>
<p>Since that time there have been only modest changes to the neighborhood. A school was torn down, and was replaced by a wading pool and bath house. Buildings have been altered and added, and a few have been moved. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<p>The Chester Center Historic District is a historic district encompassing the historic center of Chester, Massachusetts. The area was first laid out by Chester&#39;s first settlers in 1763. It remained the center of commerce and civic life in the rural agricultural community until railroads were built in other areas of the town in the 1840s. The village center declined in importance as economic activity moved to areas more readily accessible to the railroad, and the town hall was eventually moved to Chester Factories. The district includes properties on Skyline Trail near the intersection of Bromley and Lyman Roads, and features Greek Revival, colonial, and Federal architecture. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988.</p><br>
<p>The Daniel Howell Hise House is an historic home that was part of the Underground Railroad. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and is located in Salem, Ohio.</p><br>
<h2>National Register-designated significance</h2><br>
<p>The house is listed on the National Register forto social and African-American history, as well as for the local notoriety of its namesake, Daniel Howell Hise.</p><br>
<h2>History and role in abolitionism</h2><br>
<p>Built in the early 1850s by his father, the house was occupied by Hise and his wife Margaret in 1875, when they rechristened the home, Unserheim (“our home” in German), and made several alterations to the property, including construction of several hiding places for fleeing slaves. These renovations—including hidden rooms in the basement and a barn on the property—made the house a viable stop on the Underground Railroad.</p><br>
<p>Inspired by the words of Amos Gilbert, Daniel Hise served as a member of the Executive Committee of the Western Anti-slavery Society and helped organize the city of Salem’s then-annual Anti-Slavery Fair (a local fundraiser for abolitionist causes). He strongly agreed with the philosophies of William Lloyd Garrison, and from 1849 to 1855, Hise made his home available to fleeing slaves as well as abolitionist luminaries such as Oliver Johnson, Henry C. Wright, Parker Pillsbury and Charles C. Burleigh.</p><br>
<h2>Daniel Howell Hise</h2><br>
<p>Daniel Howell Hise was born in New Jersey on September 12, 1813, and moved with his family to Salem in 1819. In his youth, he worked as a steamboat engineer in Alabama during the summers, and he eventually found work in his adopted hometown in blacksmithing, toolmaking, roofing, and kiln operation.</p><br>
<p>Notably, Hise did not consider himself a “suitable leader for the reform movements in existence,” but rather acted as an ardent supporter of abolitionism, in addition to other causes like Women’s suffrage and temperance.</p><br>
<p>Hise kept a vivid diary from December 29, 1846, until his death on November 17, 1878. Published by a local book company in 1933 at the request of Hise’s daughter, Nora, the entries have provided a window on the history of Salem and its role in the Underground Railroad.</p><br>
<h2>Legacy in American art</h2><br>
<p>The American watercolorist Charles E. Burchfield featured the House in a painting made during his life in Salem.</p><br>
<h2>Current status</h2><br>
<p>The Daniel Howell Hise House is a private residence, and is not open to the public.</p><br>
<p>The Chester Factory Village Historic District is a historic district encompassing the historic village of Chester Factories in Chester, Massachusetts. Chester was settled in the 1760s, and the factory village was a location where water power was harnessed at an early time for grist mills and sawmills. The village got its name from the Chester Glass Factory, which operated in the area through the War of 1812. It benefited from the construction of a turnpike leading to Chester Center in 1804, and was transformed by the arrival of the railroad around 1840. The village became an important provisioning stop for trains, and the village further benefited by the fact that the railroad bypassed Chester Center. The economic and civic life of the town gradually shifted, and Chester Factories is where the town hall and library were built.</p><br>
<p>The district is roughly bounded by Middlefield Road, River, Main, and Maple Streets, US 20, and Williams Street. It contains mid-19th Century Revivals, Early Republic architecture, and Late Victorian architecture. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<p>Als Diner is a historic diner at 14 Yelle Street in Chicopee, Massachusetts. It was, at the time of its listing on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000, one of only of two diners in Massachusetts built by Master Diners of New Jersey, which operated from 1940 to the 1970s. The diner was brought to Chicopee in 1958, and has been known variously as Als Diner, Al&#39;s Restaurant, and The White Diner.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Al&#39;s Diner stands on the west side of Yelle Street in the Willimansett area of northern Chicopee, just south of its junction with Pleasant Street. It is set close to the road, with the parking area to its north and west. The manufactured portion of the diner is oriented perpendicular to the road on a brick-faced concrete foundation, with a concrete block kitchen addition to the south. The diner is three bays deep and eight wide, and is clad in steel with bands of blue and red enamel. Entrances are located at the first and eighth bays of the long side, sheltered by metal hoods with quilted undersides.</p><br>
<p>The interior of the diner houses six booths and fourteen counter stools, with a counter that extends the length of the structure. A staff access panel is located at the center of the counter. The original grill is still in place behind the counter, and the rear wall has steel panels with starburst motifs. The ceiling has a monitor section that includes traces of the interior&#39;s original color scheme.</p><br>
<p>The diner was manufactured by Master Diners of Pequannock, New Jersey, one of about sixty produced by the company. It was brought to Chicopee in 1958, and opened its doors the following year as The White Diner. It was purchased in 1962 by Al Rubin, who changed its name to Al&#39;s Restaurant. Operation of the diner has been concentrated for many years in members of the Mathews family, who purchased it in 1975.</p><br>
<p>Ames Manufacturing Company was a manufacturer of swords, tools and cutlery in Chicopee, Massachusetts, as well as an iron and bronze foundry. They were a major provider of side arms, swords, light artillery, and heavy ordnance for the Union in the Civil War. They also forged a number of bronze statuary which can be found throughout New England.</p><br>
<h2>Company history</h2><br>
<p>The Ames Manufacturing Company has its origins in a factory established in 1774 in Chelmsford, Massachusetts by the Ames family. Brothers Nathan P. Ames, Jr. and James T. Ames moved their tool and cutlery business to a new industrial town on the Chicopee River near Springfield, Massachusetts in 1829. They were invited by Edmund Dwight, who owned textile mills nearby. The Ames company soon moved to manufacturing swords for the federal government and state militias.</p><br>
<p>As the town of Chicopee was formed in 1848, the Ames brothers were leaders in the new community. Upon the death of Nathan P. Ames in 1847, ownership of the company turned to younger brother James Tyler Ames.</p><br>
<h2>Iron and bronze foundries</h2><br>
<p>By 1835, the company was creating works in brass and bronze, and in 1845, an iron foundry was added. The company used the foundries for casting statuary as well for producing as military cannons and cannonballs.</p><br>
<p>The bronze doors of the East Wing of the United States Capitol and Daniel Chester French&#39;s Minuteman statue at the Lexington-Concord bridge were cast at the Ames company. Other statues included large equestrian statues of George Washington (at the Boston Public Garden and in Washington, D.C.), a statue of Benjamin Franklin (Boston), and a statue of Major John Mason.</p><br>
<p>When the Mexican War came, the foundry&#39;s primary output switched to armament.</p><br>
<h2>Civil War</h2><br>
<p>Upon the secession of the South, the Union lost access to their southern arsenals. Therefore, independent arms manufacturers were crucial to the success of the Union army. Ames was one of the Union’s most important manufacturers of side arms, swords, and light artillery, and the third largest producer of heavy ordnance.</p><br>
<h2>Post-war diversification and decline</h2><br>
<p>In addition to producing military equipment for many years, including (in addition to swords) cannons, cannonballs, it also produced sewing machine and bicycle parts in the later 19th century. The company was a major supplier of bicycles to the Overman Wheel Company from 1883-1887.</p><br>
<p>The sword manufacturing business was formally separated into an independent company in 1881.</p><br>
<p>By 1907, the Ames foundries had been purchased by Chicopee&#39;s A.G. Spalding Company.</p><br>
<h2>Surviving buildings</h2><br>
<p>The historic Ames Company factory, located at 5-7 Springfield Street in Chicopee, Massachusetts, is a complex of connected industrial buildings, the oldest of which date to 1847. Most of the older elements are brick in construction, and range in height from one to four stories.</p><br>
<p>This complex was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. The largest surviving buildings have been converted into residences.</p><br>
<p>The Bangs Block is a historic commercial building at 1119 Main Street in Springfield, Massachusetts. Built in 1870 for a grocer, it was built as part of a trend of increasing commercialization at the southern end of the city&#39;s downtown area. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Bangs Block is located near the southern end of the built-up commercial downtown area of Springfield. It is on the north side of Main Street, between the Burbach Block and McKinney Building on the block demarcated by Crossett Lane and Cross Street. It is a four-story brick building, with Italianate styling. Its windows are set in segmented-arch openings topped by a soldier-brick keystoned hoods, with bracketed red sandstone sills. The right side of the facade has brick quoining, and there is a tall cornice with multiple bands of brickwork. The ground floor houses a single commercial storefront, with the building entrance at the left.</p><br>
<p>The building was built in 1870 for John Bangs, who was operating a dry goods business in the Gunn and Hubbard Blocks on State Street, and moved it to this building. His son, Adam Bangs, used the space as a meat market, and it has seen a variety of commercial uses since then. The area was, at the time of construction, beginning a transition between a mixed residential-commercial area with smaller scale (two-story) buildings.</p><br>
<p>The Baystate Corset Block is a historic commercial block at 395-405 Dwight St. and 99 Taylor Street in Springfield, Massachusetts. Built in 1874 and twice enlarged, it was from 1888 to 1920 home of the Baystate Corset Company, one of the nation&#39;s largest manufacturers of corsets. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Baystate Corset Block stands on the north side of Springfield&#39;s downtown area, at the northeast corner of Dwight and Taylor Streets. The main portion of the building, facing Dwight Street, was built in 1874 by Marsh & Robinson. It is a four-story brick structure, whose original styling, visible on the side elevation, includes segmental arch windows and a corbelled cornice. The front facade, which was redone in 1918, consists on the upper level of five bays of tripled windows, separated by brick piers. The storefronts are largely unaltered.</p><br>
<p>The first tenants of the building were woodworking shops, who occupied it until 1883, when it was occupied by a paper products business. P. P. Kellogg, its owner, expanded the premises, building an extension along Taylor Street in 1888. In 1886, the Baystate Corset Company, founded two years earlier in West Brookfield, Massachusetts, leased space in the building. Baystate grew rapidly, and purchased the building in 1895, occupying it until 1920. It was one of the nation&#39;s largest corset manufacturers at the time, shipping products all across the country. Baystate used the top floor of the building as a cutting room, with the second and third floors arrayed with sewing machines at which its products were manufactured.</p><br>
<p>Wistariahurst is a historic former estate located at 238 Cabot Street in Holyoke, Massachusetts. It was built in 1848 for William Skinner, the owner of a successful silk spinning and textile business. The oldest part of the mansion was built while Skinner lived in the nearby town of Williamsburg, and was moved to Holyoke in 1874 when he relocated his business there after a devastating flood. Additions were made to the premises in 1913 and 1927. The buildings and grounds were owned continually by the Skinner family until 1959, when Katharine Skinner Kilborne, the youngest child of William and Sarah Skinner, and her heirs gave Wistariahurst to the City of Holyoke for cultural and educational purposes. It is now operated as the Wistariahurst Museum, and is open to the public.</p><br>
<p>The property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.</p><br>
<h2>Visiting today</h2><br>
<p>Wistariahurst Museum today provides a view of the lives and tastes of the two generations of the Skinner family that lived in it. The museum features original leather wall coverings, columns, elaborate woodwork and an interesting tale of how two generations perceived and used the house very differently. The museum&#39;s permanent collection includes decorative arts; paintings and prints, textiles, and a rich manuscript collection of family and local papers. The museum offers a wide variety of programs and events, including workshops, concerts, lectures, and demonstrations. The museum is also available for private rental and group tours.</p><br>
<p>The Willys Overland Block is a historic commercial and industrial block at 151-157 Chestnut and 10-20 Winter Streets in downtown Springfield, Massachusetts. It was built in 1916 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places on February 24, 1983. Located in the three blocks surrounding the Apremont Triangle Historic District and the famed Hotel Kimball, Willys Overland was among numerous early and mid-twentieth century automobile sellers in the neighborhood. Others included Rolls Royce and Pontiac.</p><br>
<p>The building is notable for its early commercial architecture. As of 2011, the Willys Overland Block is home to three separate churches, a parking garage, and an Hispanic radio station.</p><br>
<p>In 2015, the Springfield City Council established a historic district around the block.</p><br>
<p>The Upper Worthington Historic District of Springfield, Massachusetts encompasses a collection of visually cohesive residential apartment blocks dating to the first three decades of the 20th century. It is centered on a portion of Worthington Street, a major east-west road in the city, between Armory Street and Summit Street, and includes 33 buildings on those three streets as well as Federal and Taylor Streets, near their junctions with either Worthington or Federal. Most of the contributing buildings are four story brick buildings with Georgian detailing and stone trim.</p><br>
<p>The district was first listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983, including 28 buildings; the district was expanded in 1992 to add the five buildings on Taylor Street.</p><br>
<p>The Smith Carriage Company District encompasses three buildings on Park Street, Springfield, Massachusetts, between Main and Willow Streets. The buildings, located at 12, 14-38, and 11-31 Park Street, are noted for their historic association with the locally important Smith Carriage Company, which operated in the area for many years. The oldest of the three, 12 Park, is a brick building dating from the 19th century, while the other two are concrete and steel designs from the 1920s. The company, founded in 1827, built carriages in the Park Street area until the 1920s, when it shifted to the production of automobile parts. It finally closed its doors in the 1940s.</p><br>
<p>The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>The Russell Center Historic District is a historic district encompassing the historic village center of Russell, Massachusetts. It is centered at the junction of Main Street and Lincoln Avenue, and is bordered by the Westfield River to the east, and the rising foothills of The Berkshires to the west. The village&#39;s 19th century development was spurred by the railroad and sustained by local papermaking businesses. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996, and was named as one of the 1,000 places to visit in Massachusetts by the Great Places in Massachusetts Commission.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The town of Russell was settled in the late 18th century, with a modest town center near its geographic center in 1794. The present center&#39;s first major building was a Baptist church, built in 1792. The area gained in importance because of the presence of the main stage route (now United States Route 20), and then the arrival of the railroad (which was at first run on the south side of the Westfield River, but has since been rerouted to its north). It was aided economically by the development of papermaking as an enterprise, which continues to be an economic force (albeit at a reduced level) today.</p><br>
<p>The historic district consists of a stretch of Main Street between US 20 and the river. Most of the buildings are residential, and are typified by common setbacks from the road and a similarity of scale. Most of the buildings were built between 1850 and 1895, and the oldest building, the Horace Parks House, dates to 1830. The district includes three prominent Tudor Revival buildings: the town hall (1916, pictured), elementary school (1926), and Catholic church (1927).</p><br>
<p>The Quadrangle–Mattoon Street Historic District is a historic district in Springfield, Massachusetts, bounded by Chestnut Street to the West; State Street to the South; and includes properties on Mattoon, Salem, Edwards and Elliot Streets. Located in the Metro Center, the Quadrangle–Mattoon Street Historic District is one of the few neighborhoods in the Knowledge Corridor lined with historic, restored red-brick Victorian row houses on both sides, covered by tree canopies.</p><br>
<p>The Quadrangle–Mattoon Street Historic District consists of housing stock of various architectural styles, from detached Victorian houses, to attached red-brick row-houses, to H.H. Richardson churches. The area contains Mid 19th Century Revivals and Late 19th And 20th Century Revivals.</p><br>
<p>Since 2006, Metro Center – and in particular, the Quadrangle–Mattoon Street Historic District – has seen a notable resurgence in residential living, with growing populations of people seeking an urban, cultural environment at reasonable prices, e.g. 20-somethings, LGBTs, bohemians, urban professionals, and empty-nesters. The Mattoon Street neighborhood features many of Springfields most prestigious residential addresses, on Mattoon Street, Salem Street, Elliot Street, etc. It also features one of the famous architect H.H. Richardsons first works in the Richardsonian Romanesque style, the Hispanic Baptist Church. Early each Fall, the neighborhood hosts a large arts festival, "The Mattoon Street Arts Festival."</p><br>
<p>The historic districts namesake Quadrangle features a grouping of five museums around the Dr. Seuss Memorial Sculpture Garden. Recent developments include 2008s $57 million Moshe Safdie-designed, Federal Courthouse on State Street; and the TRO JungBrannen designed $101 million adaptive reuse of Springfields original Technical High School for Massachusetts Data Center.</p><br>
<p>Current projects like Baystate Healths $300 million "Hospital of the Future," and the $1 billion New Haven–Springfield high-speed rail; and the $72 million, northern intercity commuter rail from Springfield through Northampton, Massachusetts, to Brattleboro, Vermont, (and then ultimately to Montreal, Canada,) are making Springfields architecturally significant Metro Center an increasingly desirable place to live.</p><br>
<p>The North High Street Historic District is a historic district encompassing part of the downtown area of Holyoke, Massachusetts. When first added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1986, the district encompassed North High Street, between Dwight and Lyman Streets. This part of High Street was built between 1850 and 1885, and is lined with masonry buildings in Italianate and Second Empire styles. In 1992 the district was extended southward, adding three blocks of High Street between Dwight and Essex Streets. This expansions encompasses the growth of Holyoke during the height of its commercial success, between 1880 and 1930; it also includes the separately-listed Holyoke City Hall. The district was extended a third time, in 2008, adding a complex of three buildings at Dwight and Maple Streets that now houses the Holyoke Health Center.</p><br>
<p>The Longmeadow Street–North Historic District encompasses a stretch of Longmeadow Street  in northern Longmeadow, Massachusetts, from the town line with neighboring Springfield to Cooley and Westmoreland Streets in the south. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The area that is now Longmeadow was originally settled by colonists in the 17th century as part of Springfield, from which it was separately incorporated in 1783, after many years of political maneuvering. The town had a mainly agricultural focus well into the 20th century, the bottomlands of the Connecticut River (which forms the towns western boundary) proving extremely fertile and giving the town its name. Longmeadow Street, located on a terrace above that plain, was from an early date the principal north-south route on the east side of the river, and the towns principal thoroughfare. In the 19th century, the quarrying of brownstone became a major industry, prompting a shift in population away from the river and toward the quarries further east. As a result, the northern portion of Longmeadow Street was shifted eastward sometime between 1870 and 1894. A local preservationist organization was formed in 1876 to maintain the character of Longmeadow Street as a tree-lined and predominantly residential street.</p><br>
<p>East Longmeadow, more industrialized than the rural west, was separated from Longmeadow in 1894, and a streetcar line was extended from Springfield along Longmeadow Street in 1896, setting the stage for its transformation into a residential suburb. Most of this development took place on either side of Longmeadow Street, with new road junctions the principal alteration to the streetscape.</p><br>
<p>As a result of this history, the area between the Springfield town line and Cooley Brook contains a number of fine examples of residential architecture spanning from the 18th to the 20th century. There are only six non-residential buildings: a church, four small commercial buildings, and a former town building. The area around Cooley Brook, which once served as the town&#39;s main water supply, was converted into a public park, designed by the well-known Olmsted Brothers firm.</p><br>
<p>The Longmeadow Historic District is a historic district encompassing the village green of Longmeadow, Massachusetts and properties in its immediate vicinity. The district acquired local protection in 1973 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>Longmeadow&#39;s village green was laid out in the early 18th century, and it is the area around which the town center developed. The green itself saw a variety of uses, and was only formally turned into a park late in the 19th century. The buildings that face the green for the most part date from the 18th and 19th centuries; the principal 20th century structures are the public library building (a brick Colonial Revival structure built in 1932), Town Hall (1930), and the Center School (built 1928, modern annex added in the 1950s). The Old Country Store (1805) is the only commercial building in the district, and there is only one church, the First Congregational (1768). The oldest house (of more than 40 in the district) dates to 1725, while the latest date to the 1910s. The current function as listed by the National Register of Historic Places is domestic and landscape. The current</p><br>
<p>sub-function as listed by the National Register of Historic Places is park and single dwelling. The district was named as one of the 1,000 places to visit in Massachusetts by the Great Places in Massachusetts Commission.</p><br>
<p>The Hadley Falls Company Housing District is a residential historic district encompassing a compact tract of factory worker housing in Holyoke, Massachusetts. Built in 1847-48, it is one of the earliest and largest surviving examples of company-built worker housing in the state. It includes five rowhouses facing Center, Lyman, Grover, and Canal Streets. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Hadley Falls Company Housing District is located on the north side of Hadley&#39;s former industrial core. It consists of five brick rowhouses, two of which face each other on Center Street between Canal and Lyman Streets. The other three are adjacent to those two, and face Canal Street, Lyman Street and Grove Street. Each rowhouse has between eight and ten units, and is 2-1/2 stories in height, with a gabled roof. Four of the five buildings have a series of pedimented gable dormers in the roof. Chimneys are set at the ends and at every other party wall, and the unit entrances are grouped in pairs at the other party walls.</p><br>
<p>The rowhouses were built by the Hadley Falls Mill Company, which was established in 1847 in a bid to recreate the success at Holyoke of the industrialization effort at Lowell, Massachusetts. They were built by engineer John Chase and contractor Charles McClallan. The exteriors were rehabilitated in 1974-75. The buildings were at the time one of the largest concentrations of company-built worker housing anywhere in the state, and were of a notably higher quality than other such housing built in the 1840s and 1850s.</p><br>
<p>The Granville Village Historic District is a historic district encompassing the historic Granville Village area in eastern Granville, Massachusetts. The area was developed in the 19th century as an industrial village, centered on the drum factory of Noble & Cooley on Dickinson Brook. The predominantly residential district includes a number of Greek Revival houses; it also includes the Colonial Revival public library building . It is located roughly in the area around the junction of Maple St. and Main and Granby Rds., including part of Water Street. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Granville was settled in 1734, with most of its early activity focused around Granville Center. East Granville, now Granville Village, also came to support a tavern and a few mills in the late 19th century. In 1790, the First Baptist Church was established in the village, which in the mid-19th century became the focus of a single industry, the manufacture of drums. The firm of Noble & Cooley was founded in 1854, and continues to operated in 19th-century factory buildings on Water Street. The success of this firm and others in the industry spurred the village&#39;s growth in the second half of the 19th century, and continue to be a major economic force today.</p><br>
<p>The historic district is centered around the junction of Main Road (Massachusetts Route 57) and Granby Road, with a major extension along Water Street to the southwest, where most of the industry is located. The triangular green at the central junction is an early 20th-century addition, the result of the loss by fire of a hotel. Most of the village&#39;s architecture dates between 1830 and 1890, with Victorian and Colonial Revival architecture predominating. The most architecturally sophisticated building is the library, a Romansque Revival brick building constructed in 1901.</p><br>
<p>The Granville Center Historic District is a historic district encompassing the historic center of Granville, Massachusetts. The cluster of buildings in the village center includes the Congregational church , and a number of Federal and Greek Revival residences. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The town of Granville was settled in 1738 and incorporated in 1775. Granville Center was one of its early places of settlement, and is where its first meetinghouse, supposedly near the junction of Main Road (Massachusetts Route 57) and Blandford Road, in about 1747. The foundational remains of an early sawmill and gristmill (c. 1759) survive, and the centers oldest surviving building, the Hubbard House, may have belonged to their owner. The center became the civic, spiritual and economic center of the agricultural community, but declined in economic and religious importance due to religious divisions, and the rise of Granville Village as an industrial center to the east. As a result, the centers architecture is largely reflective of the first half of the 19th century. Its continued civic importance was reinforced when a new town hall was built at the western end of the district in 1927.</p><br>
<p>The historic district is essentially linear, stretching along Main Road, with Trumble Lane extending south roughly one-third the distance from its western end, which is anchored by the Colonial Revival town hall, the district&#39;s only 20th-century building. Most of the buildings in the district are wood-frame houses, and the majority were built during the Federal period. There are only a few Greek Revival and Victorian era buildings, all houses, in the district.</p><br>
<p>The West Granville Historic District is a historic district encompassing the center of West Granville, Massachusetts. The village is composed mainly of buildings form the late 18th and early 19th centuries, including an 18th-century church and 1830s academy building. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Granville was settled in 1734, with most of its early activity taking place at Granville Center. West Granville developed in an upland valley isolated from the rest of the town as an agricultural area, and the village began to take shape at a crossroads with the construction of the Second Congregational Church in 1778. The village continued to prosper through the first half of the 19th century, but declined thereafter, as economic prospects improved in the eastern part of the town (particularly the growing industry at Granville Village), and Tolland, located just to the west, was separated from the town. As a consequence, the village has a distinct 19th-century aura to it.</p><br>
<p>The district is basically linear in character, extending along Main Road (Massachusetts Route 57) between its junction with Crest Lane to the east, and the four-way junction with Beech Hill Road and Hartland Hollow Road to the west. It extends a short way north on Beech Hill Road. In addition to the civic buildings at the center of the village, it includes primarily residential buildings stretching along Main Road from west of Beach Hill Road to South Lane No. 2. The civic buildings consist of the 1778 Congregational Church, a district schoolhouse, and a larger academy building, built in 1830. Houses in the district were built from the mid-18th century into the late 19th century, and feature Greek Revival, Georgian, and Federal architecture.</p><br>
<p>Westfield Municipal Building is a historic building at 59 Court Street in Westfield, Massachusetts. It presently houses the Westfield city offices and the local district court. It was built in 1889 to house the state normal school , serving in that role until its acquisition by the city in 1959. The building was designed by the architectural firm of Hartwell and Richardson. The second partner was William Cummings Richardson, not H. H. Richardson, but the design of this building, only a few years after the latter&#39;s death, was strongly influenced by his distinctive style.</p><br>
<p>The building has an L shape, with a front facade of 140 ft. The main block is 65 ft deep, and the ell extending off the east side is 55 ft deep. It rests on a granite foundation, and is made of red brick with brownstone trim. There are two entrances on the front facade, each under classic Richardsonian arches, with additional entrances on the east side and the rear. In its first use as a training school, the first floor included a reception area, science classrooms, and training classrooms for elementary grades. The second floor housed a study hall and assembly hall capable of holding the whole student population (about 175), as well as the principal&#39;s office, science laboratories, other classrooms, and studio space for artistic disciplines. There was a gymnasium in the basement.</p><br>
<p>The exterior of the building received only modest modifications when the city took over the building in 1959, although it was extensively remodeled inside. Two brick additions were added, one on the east side as vault space, and the other on the north side for storage. The entrance formerly used by the school now serves as the district court entrance, providing access to the clerk&#39;s office, a courtroom, and probation offices. The remainder of the building has been converted for the use of a number of city departments.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978,</p><br>
<p>The Wason-Springfield Steam Power Blocks are a collection of three historic commercial blocks at 27-43 Lyman St. and 26-50 Taylor Street in downtown Springfield, Massachusetts. They were built in the 1870s by the J.W. Wason Car Company and the Springfield Steam Power Company as facilities to support the development of new businesses in what was then called the North Blocks area of the city.</p><br>
<p>The Powers Block, a six story brick building at 27-37 Lyman Street, was built in 1873 with five stories, and provided warehouse and factory space to the Powers Paper Company. An addition in 1881 increased its size by more than half, and a sixth floor was added in 1910. The Bryan Company Block, 39-43 Lyman Street, was built in 1889 for the Clark W. Bryan Company, and is a four story brick construction. The Steam Power Company&#39;s Taylor Street Block, 26-50 Taylor Street, is a three story brick block built in 1875. Originally longer, the building was shortened by 75 ft to make way for the post office building on Dwight Street.</p><br>
<p>The buildings have been converted to residential use. They were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<p>The W C A Boarding House is a historic boarding house at 19 Bliss Street in Springfield, Massachusetts. It is one Springfields few surviving boarding house structures from the 19th century. It was built in 1884 by the Womens Christian Association , a social welfare organization that was a predecessor to the Young Women&#39;s Christian Association. The three story brick structure was used by the WCA as a space for boarding respectable working class single women. With the construction of a new facility in 1910, the property was operated as a private boarding house. Since 1962 the building has house the Springfield Rescue Mission, a social welfare agency.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>The Adsit Log Cabin in Willsboro, New York has long been said to have been built by Samuel Adsit in 1778 and is believed to be one of the oldest log cabins in the United States that still exists in its original location. Adsit was an American Revolutionary War veteran and he built the cabin for his family of sixteen when he moved to Willsboro Point at some time following the war; the Town Historian&#39;s records suggest that this was soon after 1790. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in August 1992.</p><br>
<p>It is believed that the house survived due to its eventual containment within a larger structure, which was later torn down. In the 1980s, the town of Willsboro undertook a $70,000 restoration project that brought the cabin to its current condition. The furnishings have been dedicated by descendants of the Adsit family.</p><br>
<p>The H. M. Van Deusen Whip Company is an historic factory building at 42 Arnold Street in Westfield, Massachusetts, USA. The 3.5 story brick structure was the last of Westfields major whip factories to be built . Henry Martin Van Deusen began making whips in 1872 in Southfield, and moved to Westfield in 1880. He partnered with John Pomeroy in the whipmaking business until 1902, when he acquired Pomeroys shares in the business. In 1925, with the decline in demand for whips occasioned by the success of the automobile, Van Deusen converted the factory to the production of lawn swings. He died in 1930, and his son lost many of his inherited assets during the Great Depression. The factory was acquired by Stanley Home Products, which used it as its corporate headquarters into the 1960s. In the 1980s it was acquired by a developer and converted to apartments. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.</p><br>
<p>The Valentine School is a historic school at Grape and Elm Streets in Chicopee, Massachusetts. Built in 1898 to a design by George Alderman, it is a promiennt local example of Renaissance Revival architecture. The building has been converted to residential use.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The former Valentine School is located a short way east of downtown Chicopee, at the eastern corner of Grape and Elm Streets. It is a two story masonry structure, built out of red brick with sandstone trim. Its front, facing Elm Street, consists of a series of stepped projections. Its ground floor is laid in courses that are periodically recessed, giving a rusticated appearance, and is topped by a band of brick corbelling. Windows on that level are set in rectangular openings, with stone sills and lintels. The second floor windows are set in round-arch openings with surrounding sandstone arches. The main entrance is at the center of the facade, recessed with stairs under a large round-arch opening, with a Palladian window on the second floor above. The facade is crowned by a metal cornice with scroll modillions.</p><br>
<p>The school was built in 1898-99 to a design by George Alderman, a regionally prominent architect from Holyoke. It was connected by an undergruond tunnel to an older school on the same lot, which was demolished in the 1850s. It served as a public school until the 1980s, and has since been converted into apartments, with additional apartment blocks added at one corner of the property.</p><br>
<p>The Burbach Block is a historic commercial and retail block at 1113–1115 Main Street in Springfield, Massachusetts. Built in 1882, it is one of a series of buildings marking the area&#39;s transition from a smaller-scale residential service area to the commercial downtown. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Burbach Block is located near the southern end of the built-up commercial downtown area of Springfield. It is on the north side of Main Street, at the southern end of a row of three commercial buildings: the Bangs Block and McKinney Building also occupy the block demarcated by Crossett Lane and Cross Street. The Burbach Block is three stories in height, built of red brick, and is separated from Cross Street by a narrow park. It is five bays wide, with a single modern commercial storefront on the ground floor. Stone beltcourses substitute for window sills and lintels on the upper levels, and patterned brickwork is found above each of those levels. Its facade is topped by a brickwork parapet with corbelled square posts at the corners.</p><br>
<p>The building was built in 1882 for Gerard Burbach, proprietor of an adjacent hotel, which was demolished in 1915 as part of a project to widen Cross Street. It may have acted as an annex for the hotel in its early years; the hotel, founded in the 1850s, was at its height in the 1890s. In the 20th century, this building has seen a number of uses including furniture store, dry goods dealer, and restaurant.</p><br>
<p>The Caledonia Building is a historic commercial building located at 185-193 High Street in downtown Holyoke, Massachusetts.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The four story Second Empire building was constructed in 1874 for Roswell B. Crafts, a local businessman and politician. Its first floor housed businesses, the second and third floors house offices, and the fourth floor was an open ballroom space. In 1879, the Caledonian Benefit Society, established to assist immigrating Scots, began meeting on the top floor; it purchased the building in 1909.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on July 3, 1979, and was included in the North High Street Historic District on June 26, 1986.</p><br>
<p>City Hall is a historic city hall in Chicopee, Massachusetts. Located in the heart of Chicopee at Market Square, the building  is a strongly Italianate structure, with a 147 ft tower modeled on that of the Palazzo Vecchio in Florence, Italy. It was designed by Charles Edward Parker.</p><br>
<h2>History and architecture</h2><br>
<p>Chicopee purchased land from the Ames Manufacturing Company in 1869 as a site for its new city hall, and a committee of leading citizens was established to oversee its design and construction. The committee selected Charles E. Parker of Boston to design the new building, and construction took place in 1871. Parker&#39;s design was modelled on the Palazzo Vecchio, the historic town hall of Florence in Italy; the building was dedicated on December 21, 1871.</p><br>
<p>By far the most prominent feature of the building is its 147 ft tower, which echoes that of its Florentine inspiration, and is topped by a golden eagle statue weighing 54 lb and sporting a 7 ft wingspan. The tower houses a bell, which was historically used on public occasions and to announce fire alarms. A clock mechanism was added in 1888, with faces on three of the tower&#39;s four sides.</p><br>
<p>The building continues to be used for city offices. The police station was originally located in the basement, but was moved in 1929 to a newly constructed annex.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<p>The Colonial Block is a historic mixed-use retail, commercial, and residential block at 1139-55 Main Street in Springfield, Massachusetts. Built in 1902-05, it is a relatively rare example of a mixed use building from the period built to provide a mix of uses, in particular residential, at a time when most building in the area were built for commercial and retail purposes. It has also anchored the southern part of Springfield&#39;s downtown area where it begins transitioning to more residential use. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Colonial Block is located near the southern end of the built-up commercial downtown area of Springfield. It is on the north side of Main Street at the southeast corner with Stockbridge Street, and is adjacent to the McKinney Building to the east, across Crossett Lane, and abuts the Guenther & Handel&#39;s Block on Stockbridge Street. It is five stories in height, with a facade of yellow brick and brown sandstone. The Main Street facade is eleven bays, articulated by brick pilasters with stone capitals on the upper levels. Projecting polygonal bays at intervals give the facade an undulating character, in part because the projections are continued in the elaborate bracketed cornice. The ground floor storefronts, of which there are three on Main Street, have been modernized, with plate glass display windows flanking recessed entrances.</p><br>
<p>The building was built as a speculative venture in 1902 by a local builder and real estate developer, Pascal Morse. It is a relatively rare example of a mixed use building from the period, in particular for its inclusion of residences, at a time when most building in the area were built for commercial and retail purposes. Its first floor was for built for retail use, the second floor housed offices and commercial space, and the upper three floors were residential. The building marked a transitional area between the urban downtown center of Springfield to the north, and more residential areas to the south. It also features distinctive Georgian Revival details not found on many other Springfield buildings. For many years, the principal retail tenant in the building was a furniture store.</p><br>
<p>The Joseph Dewey House is a historic house at 87 S. Maple Street in Westfield, Massachusetts..The 2.5 story Georgian colonial was built in about 1735 for Joseph Dewey, whose family had been living in the Westfield area since the mid-17th century. Dewey was a local farmer who was also involved in local politics. His grandson Benjamin bought the house later in the 18th century, and added a gristmill and sawmill to his property. He enlarged the house and added Federal style details. The house remained in the Dewey family until 1847. The property then went through a succession of owners, including a several-year period in which a Dewey descendant owned it. The mills were sold off, and redeveloped by the papermaker Crane & Co.</p><br>
<p>In 1873 the property was purchased by Emma Jane Turner, and it remained in her family for about 100 years. In the 1970s, under threat of demolition, it was acquired by the West Hampden Historical Society, moved to its present location, and carefully restored to its early colonial state. It is now operated by the society as a house museum. The property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.</p><br>
<p>Driscoll&#39;s Block is a historic commercial block at 211-13 Worthington Street in Springfield, Massachusetts. It was the first building to be built in the area after a fire destroyed five blocks of Worthington Street in 1893. The modest four story brick structure was built for J.R. Driscoll, and at first housed a bowling alley. This business ran until 1915, and was followed by a succession of tenants, including briefly a Sears and Roebuck branch. The tenants have principally been manufacturing or warehousing concerns.</p><br>
<p>The exterior of the building was, at the time of its nomination to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983, notable for a series of mid-20th-century advertising stencils that were applied to its eastern facade after the 1940 demolition of the adjacent building. Driscoll&#39;s Block was listed on the National Register in 1983.</p><br>
<p>The Ethel Apartment House is a historic apartment building at 70 Patton Street in the North End of Springfield, Massachusetts. The four story red brick building was built in 1912 for Jacob Blisky, a successful local retailer, at a cost of $14,000. It was designed by Burton Gechler, a local architect who designed a number of other apartment blocks during the 1910s. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Ethel Apartment House stands on the northwest side of Patton Street, facing the highway ramps of the interchange between Interstate 291 and Interstate 91. It is a four-story red brick structure, whose facade is divided into three vertical sections. The outer sections are rounded bays set on raised simulated ashlar stone foundations, with two sash windows in each bay on each level. The main entrance is in the center section, with three sets of paired windows above, offset from those of the flanking sections. All the windows have sills and lintels of cast stone similar to the foundation material. A tin cornice extends around the building below the roof. The building interior is modern.</p><br>
<p>Built in 1912, this building is one of a relatively small number of apartment blocks built in this area of the city, and replaced one and two-family houses that had previously lined the street. This building is one of a small number of buildings (along with Laurel Hall, located next door) of that period to survive large-scale urban renewal activities of the 1960s that razed much of the North End.</p><br>
<p>The Friedrich Block is a historic mixed-use commercial and residential block at 449-461 Main Street  in Holyoke, Massachusetts. Built in 1908, it is a significant Renaissance Revival work by the local architect George P. B. Alderman, and for its association with the E.H. Friedrich Company, a manufacturer of metal architectural parts. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Friedrich Block occupies a prominent location in downtown Holyoke, at the northwest corner of Main and Sargent Streets. It is a four story brick structure with a diversity of Renaissance Revival styling on its street-facing exteriors. The ground floor is finished mainly in dressed brownstone, although it as also been significantly altered by its commercial tenants over the years. The upper floors are organized into groups of window bays set in brick, with intervening slightly-projecting bay windows finished in metal. The brick is laid to give a banding effect, which alters to form keystone-like forms above the windows. Windows on the second and third floors are set in rectangular openings, while those on the third floor are set in round-arch openings. The building is crowned by a projecting metal cornice, with garlanding, dentil work and modillions.</p><br>
<p>The building was constructed in 1908 by the E.H. Friedrich Company, a manufacturer of metal architectural parts with a factory in the city; it was designed by local architect George P. B. Alderman, and the companys metal parts may have been used in its construction. At the time of the buildings construction the city was engaged in an effort to build housing that was more resistant to fire than wood frame tenements. This building was designed to house fifteen residential units and three storefronts. The building has undergone only modest alterations over the years, principally by the commercial tenants on the ground floor. Its longest-serving commercial tenant was the Weinstein Furniture Company, which operated on the premises from 1926 to 1995; Samuel Weinstein purchased the building in 1948. The apartments, which housed an ethnic diversity of primarily factory workers, saw significant wear as well as damage from vandalism. The building has recently been rehabilitated. Its commercial space is now occupied by the Monte de Santidad Apostolic Christian Church.</p><br>
<p>The Guenther & Handels Block is a historic commercial building at 7—9 Stockbridge Street in Springfield, Massachusetts. Built in 1845 by Elam Stockbridge, it is one of the oldest surviving buildings in the citys downtown area, and one of its rare examples of Greek Revival commercial architecture. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Guenther & Handels Block is located near the southern end of the built-up commercial downtown area of Springfield. It is on the east side of Stockbridge Street just north of its junction with Main Street, from which it is separated by the Colonial Block. It is a three-story brick building with vernacular Greek Revival styling. Its facade is essentially five bays in width, although the upper two floors only have windows in the three rightmost bays. The ground floor is arranged with a storefront in the right three bays, with display windows in the inner two and the entrance on the right. The buildings left bays are both occupied by doors.</p><br>
<p>The block was built in 1845, and is one of the oldest commercial buildings in downtown Springfield. It was built for Elam Stockbridge, who laid out and began to develop Stockbridge Street in 1839. In the 1880s the ground floor business was a grocery shop, which in 1913 was acquired and operated by Emil Guenther and his brother-in-law, Richard Handel. The grocery operation had a local reputation for high-quality goods from around the world, and used the second floor of the building as a kitchen. It remained within the family and at the same location until 1972; the business was sold out of the family and moved to other premises in 1973.</p><br>
<p>The Gunn and Hubbard Blocks are a pair of historic commercial-residential buildings at 463-477 State Street in the Old Hill section of Springfield, Massachusetts. Located across the street from the Springfield Armory, they were built in the 1830s, and are the two of the oldest commercial buildings in Springfield. The buildings were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Gunn and Hubbard Blocks are located northeast of downtown Springfield, on the south side of State Street at its junction with Walnut Street. They are set facing north toward the historic Springfield Armory grounds, across State Street. They are brick buildings of similar late Federal style, 3-1/2 stories in height, and are joined by a party wall. The Gunn Block (473-477 State Street) is seven bays wide, and has a slightly trapezoidal shape, owing to its position on the street corner. The ground floor has two store fronts flanking a center entrance, which provides access to the residential spaces on the upper floors. The Hubbard Block (461-471 State Street) is eleven bays wide. Built in two stages, its older portion is like the Gunn Block seven bays, with a similar configuration, including chimneys at each end. The extension is four bays, and also has chimneys at the outer end.</p><br>
<p>The Gunn Block was built in 1830 by Elisha Gunn, who traded in goods from the West Indies. The Hubbard Block was built five years later by Asahel Hubbard, an inspector at the Armory, as a real estate venture. His principal tenant was Jonathan Bangs, the operator of a local grist mill, and the second floor housed a large meeting space used by community groups such as the Masons. As the 19th century progressed, the center of commerce in Springfield moved to what is now the downtown area, but these two blocks continued to serve the neighborhood&#39;s needs until the 1890s, when Winchester Square became more important.</p><br>
<p>Hampden County Courthouse is a historic courthouse on Elm Street in Springfield, Massachusetts designed by Henry Hobson Richardson. This was the county&#39;s second courthouse. The first courthouse was built in 1822, but by the 1860s, popular pressure was developing for a new courthouse. A grand jury indicted the county commissioners in 1869 for official misconduct since the courthouse did not have fireproof storage for the registry of deeds and the safekeeping of public records. This forced the county to build a new courthouse.</p><br>
<p>Construction began in late 1871, and the building was dedicated on April 28, 1874. The original building cost $214,068. The site, within the middle of a city block and measuring 160 by 90 feet, cost $75,716. The building is shaped roughly like the capital letter I, with the main facade emphasizing vertical lines, tall windows, and two tall dormers on either side of the bell tower. The facades were built of light gray Monson granite in rough-faced random ashlar masonry, with smooth-faced trim. The overall design reflects Richardson&#39;s evolution as a designer, showing development from the Brattle Square Church.</p><br>
<p>The countys growth eventually pushed the probate court and registry of deeds into another building in 1907, and the county built a large addition to the building between 1908 and 1912. This was designed by Richardsons successor firm Shepley, Rutan and Coolidge. The sloping roof and high dormers were eliminated in the remodeling, making it difficult to visualize some parts of Richardson&#39;s original design.</p><br>
<p>The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1972. Today, it houses the juvenile and Western Division of the Massachusetts Housing Court. The Courthouse is part of the Court Square Historic District.</p><br>
<p>The Hampden Savings Bank building is a historic bank building at 1665 Main Street in Springfield, Massachusetts. The building&#39;s original tenant, Hampden Bank , now has a headquarters several blocks south of this site at 19 Harrison Avenue. The Classical Revival building was designed by Max Westhoff for the bank in 1918. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Hampden Savings Bank building is located on the east side of Main Street in downtown Springfield, on a block between Taylor and Lyman Streets that is lined with turn-of-the-century commercial buildings. It is a two story masonry structure, sharing party walls with its neighbors. It has a well-proportioned Classical Revival facade, with a center entrance topped by an elaborate pediment, and tall second-story windows set in a recess with Ionic pilasters at either side. Above this a panel identifies the building, with a cornice and decorative parapet at the top.</p><br>
<p>Hampden Savings Bank was chartered in 1852 to provide banking services to the growing city&#39;s many railroad workers. It shared quarters with another bank, the Agawam Savings Bank, until 1871, and then moved to quarters in a building at Main and Front Streets in 1899. This building was designed by architect Max Westhoff (who had recently moved to the area from Saranac, New York) and built for the bank as its first dedicated headquarters in 1918. The bank moved to a new headquarters building at 19 Harrison Avenue in 1952.</p><br>
<p>The Haynes Hotel or Waters Building is a historic building at 1386-1402 Main Street in Springfield, Massachusetts. The five story Italianate brick was built in 1864 for Theodore "Tilly" Haynes, proprietor of a store at another location that was destroyed by fire. Haynes operated a hotel on the site, and the post office also operated in the corner space of the building until the 1880s. The hotel was one of the largest in the city of the time, but was later eclipsed by the Hotel Charles, which was larger and located nearer the railroad.</p><br>
<p>Haynes sold the property in 1876 to Clara Goodman, who purchased it for her son-in-law, H. H. Waters. In 1943 the old hotel lobby was converted to retail space, and the upper floors were converted to office space. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>The Henking Hotel and Cafe was a historic building at 15-21 Lyman Street in Springfield, Massachusetts. The four story hotel brick and stone building was built in 1880 for Gustave and Elizabeth Gruendler, German immigrants who had operated hotels elsewhere in the city for some time. Upon their death the building was taken over by Henry Henking, who had worked for the Gruendlers. He changed the name of the hotel and remodeled its facade in a Georgian Revival style. His son Gus took over the business upon his death in 1906, and further expanded the business, building a banquet space adjacent. The hotel was strategically located opposite an entrance to the railroad station, and the business of the small family-run hotel was good despite competition from larger hotels nearby.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983, and demolished some time thereafter.</p><br>
<p>The Hibernian Block was a historic commercial building at 345-349 Worthington Street in downtown Springfield, Massachusetts. It was built in 1910 for the Ancient Order of Hibernians, an Irish Catholic fraternal organization. The building had a distinctive Classical Revival styling, using brick piers instead of columns between its large glass windows. The Hibernians used the top floor as a meeting hall, and rented out the lower floors to other businesses. The space was used by the Shriners from 1924 to 1962, and then by the Lebanese American Club. In 1978 it was taken over by the Hispanic Social Club.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983 (misspelled as "Hiberian"), and it was demolished sometime thereafter.</p><br>
<p>Holyoke City Hall is the historic city hall of Holyoke, Massachusetts. It is located at 536 Dwight Street, on the south east corner of High Street and Dwight Street. Construction began on the Gothic Revival structure in 1871 to a design by architect Charles B. Atwood. Difficulties and delays in construction were compounded by Atwood&#39;s failure to deliver updated drawings in a timely manner, and the design work was turned over to H. F. Kilburn in 1874. The building was completed two years later at a cost of $500,000. It has housed city offices since then.</p><br>
<p>City Hall is a large stone structure in the Gothic Revival style, built with granite quarried in Monson. Basically rectangular in shape, it has transept-like wings on both long sides, near the ends. It has pointed-arch windows, and is structurally supported by Gothic buttresses. The roof is predominantly dark slate, with bands of red and green slate interspersed. The main tower is 220 ft tall, and houses a bell weighing over 4,000 lb.</p><br>
<p>In addition to housing city offices, its main second-floor ballroom has also been used as a public function space. It has housed school graduation ceremonies, theatrical productions, and dances. It was converted into a basketball court in 1946, but these changes were reversed in 1973.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975, and included in a boundary expansion of the North High Street Historic District in 1992.</p><br>
<p>The Kennedy-Worthington Blocks are three historic commercial and industrial buildings at 1585-1623 Main Street and 166-190 Worthington Street in downtown Springfield, Massachusetts. Built in the 1870s and 1880s, with a major restyling to two of them in 1912, the buildings were a major factor in the urban development of the area north of the city&#39;s traditional core. They were listed to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Kennedy and Worthington Blocks occupy the length of one city block of Main Street in downtown Springfield, between Taylor and Worthington Streets. The buildings are built out of brick; the Worthington Block was built in two stages, and had a unifying facade of stone designed for it in 1914. It is separated from the Kennedy Block by a narrow alley, in which pedestrian bridges connect them at various points on the upper floors. Both are five stories in height, and have somewhat elaborate facades. The Kennedy Block is fourteen bays wide, with windows on the upper floors set in segmented-arch openings with red sandstone sills and lintels. An elaborate bracketed and dentillated cornice projects at the top of the facades facing both Main and Taylor Streets. The Worthington Block&#39;s Main Street facade is also fourteen bays wide, with differing treatments on each level. The most elaborate level is the fourth, where the windows are grouped under carved arches with medallions at the ends, and carved panels below the windows. Its main entrance is set near the center, surrounded by block pilasters topped by an elaborate entablature.</p><br>
<p>The Kennedy Block was built in 1874, in part using the remains of an 1860 building heavily damaged by fire. It was built by Emerson Wight, a prominent local businessman who served four terms as mayor. It was the first building of four stories to be built in this area; it was damaged by fire, and rebuilt as a five-story in 1875. The Worthington Block was built in 1872 to a design by George Potter, and was extensively damaged by a fire in the building in 1888, and another in an adjacent building in 1893. Its 1914 stone facade is the work of E.C. and G.C. Gardner, local architects. The buildings have had a number of tenants important in Springfield&#39;s economic and civic life, including the offices of the Springfield Daily News, the Daily Union, and manufacturers such as Morgan Envelope and R.H. Smith.</p><br>
